Harmful Impacts of Heavy Metals and Utility of Biosorption Technique for Their Removal from Wastewater: A Review

Ankita Negi; Arpita  Negi; Rajesh Kumar; Bhuvnesh  Kumar; Sushil Kumar Joshi; Narendra Singh  Bhandari

doi:10.15415/jce.2021.81001

Authors

Ankita Negi Department of Chemistry, S.S. Jeena Campus Almora 263601, Kumaun University,Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Arpita Negi Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, 248002, India
Rajesh Kumar Department of Chemistry, S.S. Jeena Campus Almora 263601, Kumaun University,Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Bhuvnesh Kumar Department of Chemistry, S.S. Jeena Campus Almora 263601, Kumaun University,Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Sushil Kumar Joshi Department of Chemistry, S.S. Jeena Campus Almora 263601, Kumaun University,Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Narendra Singh Bhandari Department of Chemistry, S.S. Jeena Campus Almora 263601, Kumaun University,Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15415/jce.2021.81001

Keywords:

Active sites, biosorption, contamination, heavy metals, optimum pH

Abstract

The increasing number of efluents discharged from the source of water (urban, industrial, agricultural etc.), is resulting in a higher concentration of heavy metals in the source. Heavy metals have a density of over 5g/cm3 to the metals. These are toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and resistant in watery and non-aquatic environments and impact water and non-water bodies seriously by substituting the basic metals of the same function. The extraction from the wastewater can be done in numerous techniques for example using an ion replacement, membrane filtration, osmosis, etc. This study discusses the adverse effects of heavy metals on the human body, the benefits of biosorption over traditional approaches for removal of heavy metals, the different biosorbents used to extract heavy metals and concerning issues regarding its commercial use, offering a wider viewpoint for the diversity of biosorbents and utilization of biosorption technique. It is evident from the profound literature survey that pH, biosorbent particle size, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, presence of chelating ligands etc. are some factors that affect the rate and extent of biosorption.

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